China’s Monetary Policy & IMF

China's contemporary monetary policy and regulation Monetary Policy Committee Policies (interest rate, ERR, foreign reserves†¦ Risks IMPs Involvement Recent monetary reform Ill. Conclusion A. Future of China's economy International Monetary Fund is an organization that consists of 188 countries, in which countries work together to promote global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, and sustainable economic growth around the globe. MIFF serves as an International bank, loaning money to member countries due to economic difficulties; and as an adjudicator, reconciling economic conflicts between countries.It's a pool of central bank reserves and national currencies that allows member countries to borrow. China Joined MIFF in 1945, and has twice used MIFF credits, in 1981 and in 1986. China holds annual consultations with MIFF on economic development and policy Issues. In recent number of years, China has been accused of currency manipulation and excessive foreign reserv es to underpin economic China to make policy reforms. In this paper, I will begin with China's monetary system, 1994 monetary crisis, and then discuss China's current monetary policies, reforms, and Miff's regulation on China.China regulates its monetary system through POOCH (People's Bank of China) by adjusting interest rate, performing open market operation, and manipulating Reserve Requirement Ratio. How Chinese government uses these policy tools is interdependent of how Chinese currency Yuan's is arranged in foreign exchange mechanism. Central banks depreciate currency by cutting interest rate and increasing in foreign reserve to stimulate economic growth. In other words, Chinese regulators used more non-market financial policy to administrate credit expansion.Through effective tight state control policies, China had passed a long way from where it was to the second largest economy in the world. It went wrought 1994 Monetary Crisis, 1997 East Asian Crisis, and Global Financial C risis in 2008. These crises not only gave lessons to the Chinese regulating body and MIFF, but also indicate a warning sign of the underlying risk of using too much state control on interest rate and exchange rate. 1994 was a significant year in China's economic history. China faced an unprecedented annual inflation rate of 24% in 1994.It was largely caused by the over investment in early 1990 as government loosen credit to enterprises. Especially after Denominations visit to Southern China in 1992, in which e strongly advocated for economic growth, investment increased â€Å"43% from previous year†(3). The overstatement not only doubled the price of construction materials such as steel and lumber, but also increased price of grains significantly. The sudden rapid rise in price had a devastated effect on resident's living conditions.To fight with the inflation, the Chinese government implemented a series of actions, which include â€Å"tightening credit/loans, strict regulat ion of local/regional capital fund raising, tightening fixed asset investment scale, re-examining various newly established financial institutions, and controlling capital and cash holding of all financial organizations†(3). The main goal of these policies is to lower the economic growth rate and decrease the overall fixed asset investment. After one year of adjusting and implementing policies, the inflation rate reduced to 9. % in December 1995. Just like the cause of China's Financial 1994 Crisis, the Asian Crisis of 1997 was the aftermath of a sudden surge in capital inflows to finance productive investments, which made a country's economy vulnerable. The Asian Crisis started with the lapse of Thai Baht in July 1997, when Thai government was forced to float the baht due to lack of foreign currency to support its fixed exchange rate. Then the Crisis began to spread across to many East Asian countries, including South Korea, Philippines, Indonesia, and Singapore.All of the co untries had acquired a burden of foreign debt. In Korea, the foreign debt-to-GAP ratio rose from 13% to as high as 40%. Furthermore, the crisis was â€Å"deepened by the Miff's initial misdiagnosis† when MIFF imposed â€Å"budgetary tightening† policy to stabilize currency in Thailand, South Korea, and Indonesia (1). Although China was less affected by the crisis, it influenced its the monetary policies. Just as other Asian countries, China started built up official reserves so that it don't have to borrow from MIFF.Both crisis had a significant impact on China today's monetary policy, which is Ojibwa, advocates for â€Å"dovish bias, a tendency to prefer accommodative monetary policy, supporting the use of policy tools to stimulate growth while placing less emphasis on the risks of inflation†(4). This policy belief led to manipulation in exchange rate when China was experiencing a rapid economic growth and currency appreciation. ARM appreciated from about 8. 82 8 Yuan in 2005 per dollar to 6. 09 in 2013, approximately 34% appreciation on a nominal basis against dollar and by 42% on a real basis (5).It was because of China's rapid economic development in the past decades. China has become one of the world's largest exporters and created massive trade surplus and strong demand for ARM. The sudden appreciation led to inflation and consequently lower purchasing power of residents in China. The situation forced government to interfere with the exchange rate in order to maintain financial stability ND protect citizen's welfare. POOCH cut the interest rate to increase the demand for credit, reduced ERR, and increase foreign reserve to fight against appreciation.China's large purchases of foreign reserves reduced their yields and push capital to emerging market, which successfully decelerated the speed of appreciation of ARM. However, how would these policies affect China's economy in a long run? MIFF pointed out that China's tight State control o ver banking system is creating risk to its economic growth in the future. China' undervalued currency not only has negatively affected U. S and Global trade, but also has brought risk to its own economy.According to the New York Times, there's a growing list of countries, from the United States to the European Union to Brazil, have complained that China has been cheapening its currency. U. S criticized that China is trying to â€Å"gain unfair trade advantages over trading partners†(5). International Monetary Fund also claimed that ARM is significantly undervalued, and wrote a report to urge China to ease State controls on banking in 2011. The report examined on China's financial policy, in which encourages high savings, high levels of equity, and high risk of capital misapplication and asset bubbles, especially in real estate.In MIFF words, the consequence of these distortions is â€Å"rising over time, posing increasing macro-financial risks†. MIFF warned China: â₠¬Å"tight government management of the nation's banking and financial system was creating a steady build-up in vulnerabilities that could eventually damp economic growth â€Å"(2) Excessive bank lending and increasing local government debt as a long-term policy would put China's economy at risk. However, China did not implement immediate change in monetary policy after Miff's warning.Instead, Chinese official argues that their exchange rate is not meant to earn unfair trade advantage, but to foster economic stability and social welfare to citizens. The government continues to regulate extensively on interest rates, estate price and exchange rate. Not until recently, China finally implements major monetary reforms in reply to Miff's constant warnings. In order to maintain the economic growth, Chinese government must reform its banking system and adopt a flexible exchange rate. The POOCH has taken step to loosing the government's intervention on interest rate, letting racket to set th e price instead.Just as recorded in the article â€Å"The Interest Rate As A Monetary Policy Instrument in China†, mainland lenders are allowed to charge rates on loans below the official benchmark-lending rate, effective from 20 July 2013. The scrapped (6). Furthermore, the cap on credit union lending rates was also abolished. These reforms indicate that Bank is not favoring state-owned entities, and indeed stimulates real economy. China is putting effort to liberalize interest rates, open financial market, and promote greater foreign investment. I believe that a tightened state control monetary policy is not efficient and sufficient in a long run.Although it has brought finance stability, China has to let the capital flow freely in order to maintain economic growth in the future. China should move away from non-market financial policies and step toward a more market-based currency to rebalanced China's economy. After decades of exponential expansion, China's expansion is en tering a period of slower growth. In the first half of 2013, China's export growth rate was significant lower and GAP has also fallen. Zinnia claimed that the Yuan was nearing equilibrium against the dollar in June 2013.In conclusion, China should depend less on exports and fixed investment to stimulate real economic growth. Ultimately, China should exert less power and subsidies state enterprises, but open up the market and foster global competition. It benefits Chinese Economy in a long-term by â€Å"re-directing resources away from inefficient (and often subsidized) sectors of the economy to those that are more efficient and competitive† (5). The reform would not only increase the efficiency of Chinese mommies firms, but also bring lower prices for consumers in China and improving standards of living after all.

Non Parametric Test

Non Parametric Test is a kind of statistical test that was discovered by Wolfowitz. This test covers a variety of categories and these are the independent samples, dependent samples and the variables relationship with co- variables. To contrast and differentiate measurements is a hard thing to do, one can choose parametric and nonparametric. Non parametric test are those tests that has no postulates about arrangement of population. There a number of nonparametric tests and these includes the Mann- Whitney Test, Wilcoxon and the Kruskal- Wallis test. Mann- Whitney Test is comparing two independent random samples. It has its postulates or assumptions and these are the taking of spontaneous segment of populations, autonomy within data’s gathered and its common independence, its scale is ordinal. The Wilcoxon test or the Wilcoxon signed- rank test is the test that which serves as a replacement of Student’s T test. This was discovered by Frank Wilcoxon. This is comparing a dissimilar measurement that is why it is needed to measure data’s at a gap of measurement. Kruskal- Wallis test, a one way analysis of variance and is used for small samples, it compares unpaired groups. Prism is being used in performing this test. These non parametric tests are usually used in ranking order such as movie reviews. But due to lesser postulates, these non parametric tests are full of vigor or vital. Non parametric tests are easy to use and is much simple than the parametric test. This test can be use on determining the population of those depressed people, emotionally disturbed and mentally ill and it can also be used to know the level or the rank of the most significant reasons why people get emotionally unstable and eventually get depressed.

Discuss Briefly the Influence of Body Language, Voice Modulation, Audience Awareness and Presentation Plan for Successful Oral Presentation? Essay

— Eye contact, facial expressions, posture, movements, gestures.Why is it useful? It is natural and a part of communication. to clarify meaning; it is very visual to vent nervousness to maintain interest to emphasize The golden rule is â€Å"Be natural and relaxed!† | * Positive body language * eye contact to keep audiences’ attention (Asian audience might feel aggressed.) facial expressions should be natural and friendly: raise eyebrows to show surprise – open eyes wide – squint your eyes – curl your eyebrows * the hands Lots of possibilities to emphasise, to enumerate. to express sincerity or reflexion Be conscious of what you do with your hands If you are unhappy, hold notes or cards to occupy them arm – movements back and forth to suggest flow. Open arms to include or welcome ideas * body movement to indicate a change of focus keep audience’s attention move forward to emphasize move to side to indicate a transition gesture up and down head motions are movements to indicate importance or acknowledgement pen or pointer to indicate part, place (on a transparency) shrug shoulder to indicate I don’t know or care * posture stand straight but relaxed (do not slouch or lean sideways) Lean forward to emphasize however No hands in pockets Negative body language Failing to make eye contact Do not look at your notes all the time Looking at the screen/board means your back is turned to the audience cutting contact Don’t stare, or look blankly into people’s eyes Avoid swaying back and forth like a pendulum Avoid leaning against walls Be aware of your nervous tics Do not fold your arms like a barrier While one hand in a pocket gives a very relaxed pose, both hands in pockets looks too casual and should be avoided The Voice The voice is probably the most valuable tool of the presenter. It carries most of the content that the audience takes away. One of the oddities of speech is that we can easily tell others what is wrong with their voice, e.g. too fast, too high, too soft, etc., but we have trouble listening to and changing our own voices. There are five main terms used for defining vocal qualities (Grant-Williams, 2002): * Volume: How loud the sound is. The goal is to be heard without shouting. Good speakers lower their voice to draw the audience in, and raise it to make a point. * Tone: The characteristics of a sound. An airplane has a different sound than leaves being rustled by the wind. A voice that carries fear can frighten the audience, while a voice that carries laughter can get the audience to smile. * Pitch: How high or low a note is. Pee Wee Herman has a high voice, Barbara Walters has a moderate voice, while James Earl Jones has a low voice. * Pace: This is how long a sound lasts. Talking t oo fast causes the words and syllables to be short, while talking slowly lengthens them. Varying the pace helps to maintain the audience’s interest. * Color: Both projection and tone variance can be practiced by taking the line â€Å"This new policy is going to be exciting† and saying it first with surprise, then with irony, then with grief, and finally with anger. The key is to over-act. Remember Shakespeare’s words â€Å"All the world’s a stage† — presentations are the opening night on Broadway! There are two good methods for improving your voice: 1. Listen to it! Practice listening to your voice while at home, driving, walking, etc. Then when you are at work or with company, monitor your voice to see if you are using it how you want to. 2. To really listen to your voice, cup your right hand around your right ear and gently pull the ear forward. Next, cup your left hand around your mouth and direct the sound straight into your ear. This helps you to really hear your voice as others hear it†¦ and it might be completely different from the voice you thought it was! Now practice moderating your voice. Questioning Keep cool if a questioner disagrees with you. You are a professional! No matter how hard you try, not everyone in the world will agree with you! Although some people get a perverse pleasure from putting others on the spot, and some try to look good in front of the boss, most people ask questions from a genuine interest. Questions do not mean you did not explain the topic good enough, but that their interest is deeper than the average audience. Always allow time at the end of the presentation for questions. After inviting questions, do not rush ahead if no one asks a question. Pause for about 6 seconds to allow the audience to gather their thoughts. When a question is asked, repeat the question to ensure that everyone heard it (and that you heard it correctly). When answering, direct your remarks to the entire audience. That way, you keep everyone focused, not just the questioner. To reinforce your presentation, try to relate the question back to the main points. Make sure you listen to the question being asked. If you do not understand it, ask them to clarify. Pause to think about the question as the answer you give may be correct, but ignore the main issue. If you do not know the answer, be honest, do not waffle. Tell them you will get back to them†¦ and make sure you do! Answers that last 10 to 40 seconds work best. If they are too short, they seem abrupt; while longer answers appear too elaborate. Also, be sure to keep on track. Do not let off-the-wall questions sidetrack you into areas that are not relevant to the presentation. If someone takes issue with something you said, try to find a way to agree with part of their argument. For example, â€Å"Yes, I understand your position†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"I’m glad you raised that point, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The idea is to praise their point and agree with them as audiences sometimes tend to think of â€Å"us verses you.† You do not want to risk alienating them. Preparing the Presentation After a concert, a fan rushed up to famed violinist Fritz Kreisler and gushed, â€Å"I’d give up my whole life to play as beautifully as you do.† Kreisler replied, â€Å"I did.† To fail to prepare is to prepare to fail The first step of a great presentations is preplanning. Preparing for a presentation basically follows the same guidelines as a meeting (a helpful guide on preparing and conducting a meeting, such as acquiring a room, informing participants, etc.) The second step is to prepare the presentation. A good presentation starts out with introductions and may include an icebreaker such as a story, interesting statement or fact, or an activity to get the group warmed up. The introduction also needs an objective, that is, the purpose or goal of the presentation. This not only tells you what you will talk about, but it also informs the audience of the purpose of the presentation. Next, comes the body of the presentation. Do NOT write it out word for word. All you want is an outline. By jotting down the main points on a set of index cards, you not only have your outline, but also a memory jogger for the actual presentation. To prepare the presentation, ask yourself the following: * What is the p urpose of the presentation? * Who will be attending? * What does the audience already know about the subject? * What is the audience’s attitude towards me (e.g. hostile, friendly)? A 45 minutes talk should have no more than about seven main points. This may not seem like very many, but if you are to leave the audience with a clear picture of what you have said, you cannot expect them to remember much more than that. There are several options for structuring the presentation: * Timeline: Arranged in sequential order. * Climax: The main points are delivered in order of increasing importance. * Problem/Solution: A problem is presented, a solution is suggested, and benefits are then given. * Classification: The important items are the major points. * Simple to complex: Ideas are listed from the simplest to the most complex. Can also be done in reverse order. You want to include some visual information that will help the audience understand your presentation. Develop charts, graphs, slides, handouts, etc. After the body, comes the closing. This is where you ask for questions, provide a wrap-up (summary), and thank the participants for attending. Notice that you told them what they are about to hear (the objective), told them (the body), and told them what they heard (the wrap up). And finally, the important part — practice, practice, practice. The main purpose of creating an outline is to develop a coherent plan of what you want to talk about. You should know your presentation so well, that du ring the actual presentation, you should only have to briefly glance at your notes to ensure you are staying on track. This will also help you with your nerves by giving you the confidence that you can do it. Your practice session should include a live session by practicing in front of coworkers, family, or friends. They can be valuable at providing feedback and it gives you a chance to practice controlling your nerves. Another great feedback technique is to make a video or audio tape of your presentation and review it critically with a colleague.

My Investment Choices Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Investment Choices - Assignment Example Initial dollar estimates are encouraged; typically at this stage, however, they are not yet completely validated. On the basis of the strategic goals, it is necessary to consider three broad categories of potential integration (in the three central columns), and eventually, they place each major issue into one of these three categories, to reflect the level of integration required for obtaining optimized results (Camp, 2002). 2. It is possible to minimize "full integration" but accepts minimal integration. Selected corporate and staff functions will be merged and consolidated, primarily to achieve staffing synergies and cost-efficiencies. All strategic and day-to-day operating decisions will remain autonomous and decentralized, with agreed-upon requirements for reporting to the parent company (Reed-Lajoux and Elson 2000). Also, it is possible to minimize the integration of culture and organizational structure. Few initiatives or responses change the configurations or the environment of a company more visibly and dramatically than an acquisition does. 3. The main emotional and personal reasons to start a business is to obtain a high social position in society and respect. Many people start a venture in order to communicate with new people and self-actualize.

All of Tesco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

All of Tesco - Case Study Example Of late the retail chain has entered into housing market. Tesco (2007): Tesco Stores has a strong corporate image which helps the organization to have a competitive advantage over the other players in the field. According to latest research, the supermarket chain has investments in many other businesses, such as property management, a cloth branding line which has led to the success of the company. The company is also accredited with the best marketing network that have made the company to do well nationally and international, this is achieved by exporting products to other countries such as Germany and south Korea. The company also boosts of a large branch network has enabled it to capture a large clientele base. In order to sustain such a market the Tesco has clear procurements and inbound logistics that it has put in place which it uses to ensure that its services are well delivered. Tesco (2007): Like any other marketing decision, choosing a channel supplier require a lot of thoughts and vast research in order to determine who can qualify to supply the company's products more effectively and efficiently in a way that it will meet the company's production objectives and overall procurement targets. ... Credit & financial condition Financial stability is very important in ensuring success level of any business organization, companies with financial power have an advantage when it comes to supplying because their have ability to expand their volume in relation to increased demands of the Tesco or they can easily acquire new technology to and value to their products. Tesco looks for a supplier with sound financial and credit management so that he can easily supply products without financial hindrance. Sound credit management will allow a supplier to receive some credit facilities from different financial institutions which is vital in running supplier enterprise. At the same time shareholders and other stakeholders will only have confidence in a supplier with sound financial and credit management. (Louis, et al, 2006) Production Strength Louis et al (2006) states that a supplier will only be effective if he can easily and effectively supply goods or service from to a client consequently, before selecting a supplier, Tesco have to ensure that the supplier member can easily and efficiently supplier the required materials to the company without due delays. The level of supplying and coverage of the supplier is considered to know how effective it is. Product Lines, The type of the product will definitely dictate the kind of supplier to recruit. As pertaining the supplier for Tesco supermarket chain, the supplier will have to be able to supply a large number of various products that the supermarket deals in. at the same time, Tesco chooses a supplier who has all the relevant certifications of the product safety measures which are required by the different concerned bodies to ensure that it gets what is safe. (Ruffian et al, 2000) How the

Issues of virtualisation and their impact on computing approaches Dissertation

Issues of virtualisation and their impact on computing approaches - Dissertation Example An investigation of the key characteristics of the implementation of virtualisation and its usefulness for future computation Amrik Singh Samra BSc. ... anagement platform 19 Figure 4: Virtual machine structures (Type I on left, Type II on right) 19 Figure 5: Functions and responsibilities of the VMM 20 Figure 6: The protection rings in the x86 architecture 23 Figure 7: Diagrammatic representation of paravirtualization 28 Figure 8: Illustration of seamless virtualisation in VirtualBox 30 List of tables Table 1: Table of Risks 11 Table 2: Types of VM emulators, their key features and examples 20 Table 3: Levels of abstraction involved in virtualisation technologies 21 Table 4: Key advantages and drawbacks for each level of abstraction 21 Table 5: Comparison of virtualisation types in terms of performance and flexibility 29 Application virtualisation – â€Å"The process of running software from a remote server† (EC-Council, 2010) Break out attack – â€Å"A situation in which criminals will escape from a virtual machine designed for guests in order to launch attacks against the hypervisor, allowing them to gain con trol over the host† (Esforsys, 2009c). High Performance Computing (HPC) – The use of parallel processing for running advanced programs quickly, efficiently and reliably Hypervisor – This is like the kernel or core of a virtualisation platform, also called the Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) with access to the host’s physical hardware (VirtualisationAdmin, 2008). Network virtualisation – â€Å"A method of combining the available resources in a network by splitting up the available bandwidth into channels to particular servers or devices in real time† (EC-Council, 2010) Privileged Software Nucleus (PSN) - A miniature resident program in the operating system similar to a kernel (Exforsys, 2009) Run-Time System (RTS) – A piece of software designed to support the execution of a program Sandbox – The secure

Issues In International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Issues In International Business - Essay Example With the expansion of the cross-cultural features in international business, cross-cultural communication and intercultural negotiation are identified as important considerations for conducting business operations (Okoro, 2013). Recently, working culture is considered an important factor for conducting operations sustainably. In this context, entrepreneurs are providing managers with few special tours to the targeted countries with the aim of providing training to understand the work culture of those countries. Respectively, in immigration, managers are required to possess cross cultural communication skills for conducting business operations with better sustainability. This type of global exposure enables the representatives of these companies to collect information about the cultural values and practices, so that working culture in those countries are based on the cultural principles practiced. Internationalization in the business field helps to inter-connect political policies and economic policies of the various countries with each other (Georgia Department of Education, 2008). The objective of the study is to describe the importance of the cultural factor in international business. In this context, the study highlights several cultural features in the business context of two countries that include Singapore and United Kingdom. The study will also discuss about the impact of culture on international business. The UK is often identified to be a rich country in terms of economic growth, business operations and culture. In the context of international business, the UK is popular for expansion of business and establishing relationship based culture in the business environment. There are several reasons for selection the UK as a host country for selecting as an appropriate location for international business. The main reason for selecting the UK as a host country to conduct

Apple Inc. Integrated Marketing Communication Essay

Apple Inc. Integrated Marketing Communication - Essay Example The present study would analyze the business strategies of Apple Inc one of the most formidable brands present in the market. The choice of the organization assumes significance considering the magnanimous image of the brand that is known as a synonym for innovations in the business markets. Origin Growth and History of Organization Apple Inc is a US based multinational organization engaged in manufacture of digital electronics and computer hardware equipments. The company was founded in the year 1976 by the name of Apple Computers Inc and since then it has grown into a mammoth organization with a formidable brand image. In the year 2007 the company renamed itself as Apple Inc. The company is presently listed on the bourses of the NASDAQ and the New York Stock Exchange. The company is presently headed by Steve Jobs one of the most dynamic business leaders of the modern world. The company is known for its innovations in technology and bringing out cutting edge technology products that are unmatched by any of its competitors in the market. Apple Inc was one of the pioneers in the industry that designed computers like mackintosh (Apple, 2011). Analysis of Company’s Vision and Mission Statement The mission and vision of the organization is to be an innovative market player that manufactures products that are unique, distinctive and highly innovative in the market. The main mission statement of the organization is â€Å"an apple at every desk† (Birnbaum, 2009). The company aims to create innovations that are simple yet elegant and are highly technology intensive. The company’s mission is to provide the best quality and innovative products to customers across the globe. The company aims to be a global leader in its product category and has accordingly made a global presence by having a dedicated presence in almost all the major economies of the world. The vision and mission statements can be largely correlated with its business strategies that involved launch of products like I-phones, I-pad’s that are highly technology intensive and have attracted a huge attention from the target market audience b y virtue of their innovative features. Product Portfolios Apple Inc has an impressive product portfolio comprised of a large array of innovative product offerings. Apart from the company’s traditional products like Mac the company also manufactures a range of other products including iPod’s, iPhone, and iTunes. IPod’s include portable music players that have a sleek design and highly attractive features that allows audio as well as video files to be run by the user. I phone is yet another innovation developed by the organization in the lucrative mobile telephone segment. The unique product tries to amalgamate the excitement of a mobile phone with innovative features like excellent graphics and computing options. The delightful looks make it an attractive option for any individual. Apple also made a foray into the software industry with the launch of the Apple I tunes. This product is essentially a music player that is compatible with both iPods as well as person al computers. In addition to this the company has also produced software’

Ethical Dilemma Analysis- Capstone Project Essay

Ethical Dilemma Analysis- Capstone Project - Essay Example Mountains of clothes and books fill the room, and a pervasive foul odor emanates from the house. The woman pleads with the author not to tell anyone about her condition or state of living. The ethical dilemma is, should one report this to the proper authorities or not? An ethical dilemma which could arise in my own field of study could be that a nursing home patient is having difficulty keeping his room tidy, and this is causing him to become overwhelmed in his environment. Although the patient pleads with the author to not tell anyone, should nursing home officials be alerted to this fact? These are ethical dilemmas because, on one hand, officials in authority should know about potential problems. On the other hand, the individuals have their right to privacy. This is a â€Å"right vs. right† dilemma because, on one hand, when one can harm oneself or others, authorities must know. However, the level of harm that an individual is causing may be negligible, so a patient’ s right to privacy is still a valid concern. Regarding values in this ethical dilemma, there are certain non-moral values at work here. Public health is not a moral issue—rather, if piles of garbage are going to cause a health hazard, then perhaps the woman should be reported to authorities. A moral value that is at conflict belongs to the utilitarian family, which means that calling the authorities would be beneficial for the woman as much as for the good of everyone (the public). In contra of calling authorities, Kant says, â€Å"Thus morality, and humanity as capable of it, is that which alone has dignity.†1 This woman has her dignity on the line by not having people on the outside know what her problems are. If they were to know the source of her problems is helplessness, her dignity would be shattered, as would her feeling of being independent. In support of the opinion that one should

Discussion Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Discussion Question - Essay Example Culture of people varies as per their countries. Therefore leadership style is different in various countries. In this essay the leadership style of Japan, Korea and China are discussed in detailed. All of these countries are in Asian continent but these countries follow different leadership styles. Japan is one of the giant economic powers of the world. The country has developed its own leadership and management practices which matches with its culture. This country believes in capitalism ideology. This ideology helps Japan to preserve its culture against westernization. The leadership style of Japan is different from other countries. Power distance among Japanese people is high. Japanese people reside in a collective society. Therefore the leaders of Japan motivate the people in collectively doing a work. The leaders are very much respected by Japanese people. Participative leadership style is mostly followed by the leaders of this country. Another name of participative leadership is democratic leadership. In this type of leadership the team members take vital part in assisting the team leaders in making decision and strategies. The values and inputs of the team members are considered as important by the leaders1. The final decision is taken by the leader but the team members have strong involvement in the decision making process. In Japanese organizations and institution the leaders prefer to work collectively with the team members. The leaders communicate frequently with the team members for achieving the goals and objective of the team. The team members coordinate actively with the team leaders for completing any work successfully. The Japanese leaders always motivate the team members in performing their job efficiently. The opinions and the ideas given by the team members are considered as very important by the leaders. So while developing any strategy or decision the Japanese leaders analyze the views and

Discrimination - Gender Essay Example for Free

Discrimination Gender Essay Write a 100- to 200-word response to each of the following questions. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is discrimination? How is discrimination different from prejudice and stereotyping? Discrimination is the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of predjudice or for other arbitrary reasons. Discrimination is different from predjudice and stereotyping because discrimination are actual negative actions towards the objects of predjudice. Stereotype is an unreliable generalization of members of a particular group and predjudice is a negative attitude and emotion response to members of a group. †¢ What are the causes of discrimination? Discrimination can be caused from learned behavior If you grew up in a home where your parents discriminated against others, then your more than Likely to do the same thing. Growing up in a neighborhood where there are mostly people of the same race and members of a different race coming into your neighborhood can cause discrimination. I also believe ignorance is probably one of the main causes of discrimination people are blind to the fact that we are all human beings and have feelings and everyone should be treated the same regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, oreientation, disability etc. †¢ How is discrimination faced by one identity group (race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, sexual orientation, age, or disability) the same as discrimination faced by another? How are they different? I would agree that sexual orientation and gender face similar discrimination if you are gay, straight transgender people will look at you in disgust they will treat you differently and deny certain rights llke getting a job, marrying, and many more gender can be similar in the sense that you can be denied certain job positions and be incapable of performing certain duties especially a female who tries to attempt to do a job that is usually done by a man. I think the difference in the two is sexual orientation is a much bigger problem and strict laws have been put into effect for people who discriminate against gays, transgender, lesbians and they are still continuing to fight for equal rights today like getting married as far as gender if you’re male and female you have that right automaticall, whereas the gay community doesn’t. Racial and Ethnic Groups (13th ed. ) (Schaefer).

Housing & Development Board Analysis Essay Example for Free

Housing Development Board Analysis Essay This is the highest rate of increase this year compared to the 0. 1-per cent drop in the first quarter and the 0. 4-per cent increase in the second quarter. It was also higher than the flash estimate of 0. 5 per cent released earlier this month. Meanwhile, resale prices of Housing Development Board (HDB) flats in Singapore hit a record high. HDBs Resale Price Index (RPI) rose from 194 in the second quarter of this year to 197. 9 in the third quarter. This represents an increase of two per cent over the previous quarter, the same as that of the flash estimate released on October 1. – Evidence for an increase demand for resale flats  But with a bumper crop of 27,000 Build-to-Order flats being rolled out this year, analysts said the resale market may be showing signs of moderating. Growth for the first three-quarters of this year is 3. 9 per cent. This is lower than the annual RPI growth of 14. 1 per cent in 2010, and 10. 7 per cent last year. Donald Han, special advisor at HSR Property Consultants, said: Buyers who are able to wait for the product to be completed in 24 to 36 months are getting better value proposition in terms of cheaper prices, and perhaps better amenities compared to one whos buying a resale flat. The volume of resale transactions also fell for the first time in 12 months. Resale transactions also fell by about six per cent from 7,011 cases in second quarter to 6,560 cases in the third. – Number of buyers dropped The last fall in resale transactions was in the third quarter of last year when transactions fell from 6,581 in the second quarter, to 5,903 in the third. Analysts said that this might not be because buyers are staying away, but because there is a short supply of resale flats in the market. – Reason for the decrease in the demand (Isnt this is for supply? The number of sellers in market. ) They added that this has pushed the median cash-over-valuation (COV) up by S$4,000 to S$5,000 compared to the last quarter. According to real estate firm Propnex, COVs hovered between S$25,000 and $28,000 in the first two quarters, before rising to $30,000 in Q3. This means a 20 per cent increase quarter-on-quarter. Chris Koh, director of Chris International, said: Regardless of whether there are BTO flats, if private property prices are too high, many are unable to afford private property. So they turn to a resale market to buy a flat instead. So you still see a strong demand from those not eligible to buy brand new flats, those who cant afford private property and have to buy a resale flat. Reason for the increase in the demand. (Price of related good) Theres one more group, I call them the downgraders. They have cashed out their private property, thats why they dont mind paying a premium for some of these resale flats. In the rental market, subletting transactions rose by about four per cent. The number of cases increased from 6,891 in the second quarter to 7,142 cases in the third quarter. The total number of HDB flats approved for subletting also rose to 42,920 units in the third quarter, compared to 41,814 units in the second. Mr Han said: In the last five years, prices have not gone south. In fact, prices have grown by 92 to 93 per cent since five years ago So, a lot of the able sellers are keeping it for hopefully higher capital returns for the next 12 months. (supply) If you look into a rental proposition, HDB rental flats if you look at average four-room or five-room, youre looking at roughly about S$2,000 to S$2,500 per month. It provides a very good fertile ground support for tenants out in the market looking for cheap accommodation. The yield coming from HDB apartments is fairly attractive as well, compared to other classes of residential property. Were looking at yields of 4. 5 to five per cent, compared to private properties which would be about 2. 5 to about 3. 5 per cent. Mr Koh added: Im not sure if theres a co-relation, but I wont deny that if prices of resale flats are too high, some would not be able to afford it. So the next best option will be to rent and wait for prices to come down. - Reason for decrease in demand when price rise. (Taste and preference? ) The HDB said it introduced a new e-service on Monday to enable the public to search for the market rentals of entire HDB flats rented out by owners. It is hoped that this will allow better transparency in the subletting market, and help potential tenants and flat owners make informed decisions.

Oxford Strengthening Technique Analysis

Oxford Strengthening Technique Analysis Strengthening exercise was used comprehensively in sport training and rehabilitation setting which recognize as an important exercise mode for sport performance as well as health purposes. The term strengthening exercise and resistive training was used interchangeably which targets to improve the maximum amount of force that can be generated by a particular muscle group. It can be define as any form of active exercise in which dynamic or static muscle contraction is resisted by an outside force applied manually or mechanically (Smith, Weiss, Lehmkuhl, 1996). The strength training exercise can be classified into three categories which are isometric or static, dynamic or isotonic and isokinetic (Power Howley, 2009). Following a strength training program, physiological changes will occurs which increased the muscle mass (Ikai Fukunaga, 1968), muscle size or hypertrophy (Always, 1990) and hyperplasia (Mikesky, Giddings, Matthews, Gonyea, 1991). Other than that, in is also believed strength training may result in fast-fiber type conversion in humans (Staron et al., 1990). Staron et al., 1990, demonstrated that, twenty weeks of high intensity strength training result in conversion of type IIx fibers to type IIa in collage age females. Besides, strength training will induce central nervous system changes, which can increase the number of motor units recruited, alter motor neuron firing rates, enhance motor unit synchronization during particular movement pattern and result in the removal of neural inhibition. This will result an improvement in the amount of muscular force generated and appears after few weeks of training session (Rube Secher, 2008). Even though strength training reported to be beneficial, however it may increase cellular damage. Mechanical loads impose stress, strain and sometimes damage on working muscles and connective tissues (Razmjou, Rajabi, Jannati, Azizi, Jahandideh, 2010). Despite the established effectiveness of resistance training, uncertainty still exist as to the most efficient way to train. Designing a resistance training program is complex processes which are incorporating several acute program variables and key training principles. The effectiveness of a resistance training program to achieve a specific training outcome are depending on several acute program variables, all of which affect the degree of the resistance training stimuli (Bird, Tarpenning, Marino, 2005). Throughout the century, various types of exercises regime are arise. Most fame of strengthening exercises is the DeLorme Regime, Oxford Regime, McQueen Regime, Daily Adjustable Progressive Resistance Exercise Technique (DAPRE) and Circuit Training. Several programs have been developed to assist with the design of resistance training program and many of these programs have been advocated for use in the rehabilitation setting (Baechle Earle, 2008). Several key training principles govern safe and effective resistance training program design, including overload, specificity, adaptation, progression, individualization and maintenance (Power Howley, 2009). From the pioneering work of DeLorme and Watkins, the concept of progressive overload exercise (PRE) has become the foundation of resistance training program design. Their works describe the classic program variables of load, frequency, duration and intensity, which to achieve such overload. It shows that, with training strength return more quickly to atrophied muscles if relatively few repetitions are performed at high levels of resistance. This is the basis for the most weight training program (DeLorme Watkins, 1948). The DeLorme exercise technique was based on the progression from light to heavy weight and also known as pyramid resistance training (Razmjou, et al., 2010). DeLorme hypothesized that, the muscle need to be warm up by the 10 repetition maximum (RM) reach before progress to the heavy resistance. In the other hand, he suggested the training overloaded a muscle by increasing the magnitude of the weight against which the muscle developed tension. Therefore, they established training by starting it from 50% of 10 RM for the first set, 75% of 10 RM for second set and 100% of 10 RM for third set (da Silva et al., 2009; Fish, Krabak, Johnson-Greene, 2003; Razmjou, et al., 2010) Another method to strengthen muscle is the Oxford technique or the reverse pyramid technique. The Oxford technique is emphasizing training from the high load to the lighter load based on the 10 RM. It starts from the 100 % of 10 RM, 75 % of 10 RM and 50 % of 10 RM for the first, second and third set respectively. This exercise technique was thought the decrement of resistance would mimic the progressive increased in muscle fatigue. Each set of repetition would continue to exercise the muscle to its maximum capacity, thus preserving the overload principles (da Silva, et al., 2009; Fish, et al., 2003; Razmjou, et al., 2010). Many authors have tried to establish normative data for muscular evaluation in various populations that might serve to orientate a rehabilitation program and aid in the detection of the causes of musculoskeletal system injuries, thereby facilitating preventive action. Therefore, isokinetic dynamometry is widely used for muscular function studies because it facilitates a dynamic, objective, accurate and reproducible evaluation. This measurement is feasible for the resistance applied to the movement and can be adapted to permit a constant angular velocity during the whole range of motion, thus, it optimizes the load, which is always the maximum. This evaluation allows characterizing the muscular alterations resulting from the practice of sports, leading to the improvement of performance, training specificity and injury prevention (Siqueira, Pelegrini, Fontana, Greve, 2002). In order to evaluate the muscular performance, an isokinetic dynamometer was used and the tests involved maximum voluntary contractions of the selected muscles (Fonseca et al., 2007). The isokinetic evaluation becomes increasingly necessary in the high performance sports scenario, since it allows identifying and quantifying muscular performance and balance of athletes. Such evaluation makes it possible to plan specific and functional training of the lower limbs, besides elucidating specific deficiencies of the muscular function so that they can be eliminated or minimized, allowing the designing of prevention programs to decrease incidence of muscle lesions. According to Deschenes Kraemer, 2002 state that depending on program design, it capable in enhancing each of the functional constituents of the neuromuscular system, which are strength, power and local muscular endurance (Deschenes Kraemer, 2002). Despite the proven effectiveness of resistance training, it is still unclear which exercise regimen is more suitable and there are many efficient way to train to develop muscle strength (Razmjou, et al., 2010). However, there are less research had been done to measure the effectiveness of DeLorme and Oxford techniques in rehabilitation or muscle strength training. 1.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY In this study, several objectives were identified. The main objective in this study is to measure the effectiveness of DeLorme and Oxford strengthening exercise techniques on hamstring muscle by using isokinetic system evaluation. This are includes the evaluation of the peak torque, average peak torque, average power, total work, acceleration time and deceleration time within 6 weeks of exercise training interventions. This finding will help the clinician or exercise physician to have evidence based guidelines to rule out their exercise prescription. Other than that, this study also investigates the immediate effect of Delorme and oxford strengthening exercise technique within 3 weeks. Therefore, this finding may help us to determine which exercise techniques have greater immediate effects and adaption on resistive or strengthening exercise. 1.2 RESEARCH QUESTION Several research questions were developed upon this study. First research question for this study was upon the effectiveness of DeLorme and Oxford strengthening exercise regime technique within 6 weeks of training. Other research question that may develop upon this study is upon the immediate effects of DeLorme and Oxford strengthening exercise regime within 3 weeks of training. 1.3 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Ho There is no mean difference of peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of average peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of average peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of average power of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of average power of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of total work of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of total work of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of acceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of acceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of deceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of deceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 6 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of average peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of average peak torque of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of average power of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of average power of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of total work of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of total work of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of acceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of acceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ho There is no mean difference of deceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. Ha There is at least one pair of mean difference of deceleration time of hamstring muscle among DeLorme, Oxford and control group within 3 weeks. 1.5 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY 1.5.1 Disease and health Health condition of the subjects should be concern especially the illness that cause by environmental condition such as fever, cough, influenza or hypothermia. As this research requires the subjects to be immersed in the cold water, some illness might be infected to the subjects. Therefore, any subject whose suffering or had high tendency to be infected to those illnesses was advisable not to join the research because it might cause their health become worse. 1.5.2 Quitting or withdrawal Besides that, other delimitation that might occur is the withdrawal or quitting from the study. As the temperature of the water is cold, it might cause some of the subjects could not withstand to be immersed according to the time stated. Therefore, they might quit from the study and would cause the number of the subjects is decreasing. 1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS In this study, specific terms were use as it would give a clearer explanation upon this research. Some of the terms used in this study were stated below: 1.6.1 Isokinetic system Commercial computer-assistive devices used to assess dynamic muscular force and strength measurement which provides variable resistance. 1.6.2 DeLorme strengthening exercise regime The Delorme system incorporates progression from light to heavy resistance, adding resistance with each set. There are many variations in the progression. However, the Delorme was 50% of 10 RM for the first set, 75% of 10 RM for second set and 100% of 10 RM for third set. 1.6.3 Oxford strengthening exercise regime The Oxford system is the opposite of Delorme with progression from heavy to light, and it reverses the resistance levels. 1.6.4 Peak torque Highest muscular force output at any moment during a repetition. It indicates of a muscles strength capabilities. 1.6.6 Maximum repetition of total work Total muscular force output for the repetitions with greatest amount of work. Work is indicative of muscles capabilities to produce force throughout the range of motion. 1.6.7 Average power Total work divided by time. Power represents how quickly muscle can produce force. 1.6.8 Acceleration time Total time used to reach Isokinetic Speed. It indicates a muscles neuromuscular capabilities to move a limb from at the beginning of the range of motion. 1.6.9 Hamstring muscle Hamstring muscle is refers to a group of posterior thigh muscle which consist of semimembranosus, semitendinosus and biceps femoris. They are acts as extensors of the thigh and flexors of the leg. 1.6.10 Isometric exercise The tension develops in the muscle but no mechanical work is performed. 1.6.11 Isotonic exercise Exercise in which opposing muscles contract and there is controlled movement (tension is constant while the lengths of the muscles change)angu. It used to strengthen muscles and improve joint mobilization 1.6.13 10 repetition maximum (RM) The maximum amount of weight that could be lifted 10 times through a full range of motion.

The Effects of Television Violence on America Essay -- essays research

America has the highest crime rate in the world. Along with that crime rate is also the very high violence rate. Why is violence becoming and everyday event in our society? When you flip on the television and tune into the news, the highlight of every show is somehow directly related or connected to violence. We see it every evening and perhaps say "Oh my gosh" and then forget all about it two minutes later. Or perhaps we don't even make any comments at all, just a simple grunt or â€Å"Oh, how terrible†. This numbness to violence is very scary and real. It makes you blind to the fact, that America has the most crime and violence. Why not Switzerland or Australia? Are we not as civilized and advanced as they are? I believe it is this numbness to violence that has made America such a violent place. When I think back to my childhood and remember television I remember watching such programs as "Sesame Street", "Mr.Rogers", and "Scooby - Doo". I have nothing but pleasant memories filled with happiness, peace, understanding, and learning. When you watch children's programs today you see senseless violence often as the first means of solving a problem. The classic view of "good" versus "evil" is the basis of many of these shows, with violence as the answer. When children watch these programs they often imiatate the actions and "morals" of these characters. Children do not know what "good" or "evil" really is, how can they? This world is not broken into "good" and "evil". "Evil" to children is what opposes them, what does not agree with them, or any other person or thing that poses a possible difficulty. Children must be taught that there are differences in this world. This world is filled with many people ho... ...tion to this problem is censorship. Censorship not at the governmental level, nor at the state level, nor at the cable company level, rather at the level of the parents. They and they alone are the ones who need to decide what is best for their children. When I was a child my mother was always there to tell me what I could and could not watch. Of course when I was smaller I hated it, but now that I am older and a mother myself, I am so grateful and thankful that my mother censored what was fed into my brain. As parents I believe that we are solely responsible for what show we allow to be seen in our households. We have to take the responsibility of censoring what is fed into the minds of our children. And if montoring doesn’t resolve the issue of what is seen by our children we can always do what Peter Goddard said â€Å"You can turn the damn thing off, you know.†

The California Gold Rush Essay -- essays research papers

The California Gold Rush   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The California Gold Rush of 1849 is one of the most interesting and exiting events of the United States. From the wild stories of men striking it big, to the heart wrenching tales of people losing everything, these are what make it so alluring. There are many aspects of the California Gold Rush; effects on California; individual stories of struggle; and effects on the United States as a young country looking for stability.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  San Francisco was a small town of a few hundred people in 1840, but by 1850 it was a huge city whose economy was injected with gold money. This rapid growth and development was brought on by an accidental discovery by James Marshall. â€Å"I reached my hand down and picked it up; it made my heart thump, for I was certain it was gold. The piece was about half the size and shape of a pea. Then I saw another.† Marshall had been working on a lumber mill for John Sutter, when he made his discovery. Early efforts were made in the beginning to keep the discovery quiet, but they soon failed, and lead way to one of the single largest migration of American’s across the continent.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  California saw many changes very fast. Most of these play part in shaping it into what it is today. From Hollywood to San Francisco, today’s lifestyles in California have roots in the Gold Rush. Because the failure rate was so high, it became common to come out to California lookin...

Ban the Use of Cluster Bombs Essay -- Bombs Air Weapons Essays

Ban the Use of Cluster Bombs â€Å"It looked like the ball boys and girls toss each other during Hmong New Year festivities. Six year old Sia Ya threw it to her four year old brother, He couldn’t catch it and it landed behind him, exploding and killing him instantly. Sia Ya died after two agonizing days and nights in the provincial hospital.† (Account of Laotian cluster bomblet accident in 1996 - Laos War â€Å"Legacy†) I. INTRODUCTION Cluster bombs were first used in the American conflict in Vietnam and Laos in the sixties. They became popular because they are one of the cheapest air delivered weapons available, costing about $60 per bomblet. They can be used against a variety of targets covering significant areas, rather than, for example, pin-pointing individual armored vehicles. They were believed to be a perfectly fit weapon during the Southeastern Asian jungle battles. Today, forty years after the war, unexploded submunitions still cause about 10 thousand innocent victims each year. Despite the inhumane scars that followed its use in the above conflicts, cluster bombs were used again in the Balkans, in the Gulf War and today in Afghanistan. Now that we know their devastating long term effects, is it ethical to keep them in usage? II. WHAT ARE CLUSTER BOMBS? Cluster bombs, also called dispensers consist of two parts: the bomb shell itself and the hundreds of little bombs (called "bombies" by Laotians) that are contained inside of them. They are usually dropped from an aircraft - although they might also be launched like a missile. They "fall" away from the aircraft and are stabilized in flight by fin assemblies. I... ...press_releases/PR051799.htm http://www.landmineaction.org/assets/downloads/Cluster%20bombs%20report%20summary.pdf http://www.cnn.com/2001/US/10/29/ret.bomb.warnings/ http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/world/2001/cluster_bomb/6.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/in_depth/world/2001/cluster_bomb/6.stm http://www.mcc.org/clusterbomb/laos_legacy/melting_weapons.html http://www.mcc.org/clusterbomb/laos_legacy/lucky.html http://www.icbl.org/index/text/Detailed/1456.html http://www.hrw.org/hrw/campaigns/kosovo98/flash6.htm http://www.uxolao.org/ http://www.minesactioncanada.com/home/news_detail.cfm?NEWID=12&lang=e http://www.essex.ac.uk/armedcon/themes/landmines/default.htm http://www.icbl.org/ http://www.hrw.org/arms/clusterbombs.htm Organizations working to ban Landmines: http://www.boes.org/coop/lmines/

A Description of an Ethical Dilemma Essay

An Ethical dilemma is a complex situation that often involves an apparent mental conflict between moral imperatives, in which to obey one would result in transgressing another. This is also called an ethical paradox since in moral philosophy, paradox often plays a central role in ethics debates. Ethical dilemmas are often cited in an attempt to refute an ethical system or moral code, as well as the worldview that encompasses or grows from it.[citation needed] The term dharmasankat is used in Indian philosophy to represent a moral or ethical dilemma. Etymologically, dharma can mean morality, sense of justice, code of conduct, law and other similar concepts; sankat implies a trouble or problem. These arguments can be refuted in various ways, for example by showing that the claimed ethical dilemma is only apparent and does not really exist (thus is not a paradox logically), or that the solution to the ethical dilemma involves choosing the greater good and lesser evil (as discussed in value theory), or that the whole framing of the problem is omitting creative alternatives (as in peacemaking), or (more recently) that situational ethics or situated ethics must apply because the case cannot be removed from context and still be understood. See also case-based reasoning on this process. An alternative to situational ethics is graded absolutism. Perhaps the most commonly cited ethical conflict is that between an imperative or injunction not to steal and one to care for a family that you cannot afford to feed without stolen money. Debates on this often revolve around the availability of alternate means of income or support such as a social safety net, charity, etc. See more:  The 3 Types of Satire Essay The debate is in its starkest form when framed as stealing food. In Les Misà ©rables Jean Valjean does this and is relentlessly pursued. Under an ethical system in which stealing is always wrong and letting one’s family die from starvation is always wrong, a person in such a situation would be forced to commit one wrong to avoid committing another, and be in constant conflict with those whose view of the acts varied. However, there are few legitimate ethical systems in which stealing is more wrong than letting one’s family die. Ethical systems do in fact allow for, and sometimes outline, tradeoffs or priorities in decisions. Some[citation needed] have suggested that international law requires this kind of mechanism to resolve whether World Trade Organization (WTO) or Kyoto Protocol takes precedence in deciding whether a WTO notification is valid. That is, whether nations may use trade mechanisms to complain about climate change measures. As there are few economies that can operate smoothly in a chaotic climate, the dilemma would seem to be easy to resolve, but since fallacious justifications for restricting trade are easily imagined, just as fallacious justifications for theft are easily imagined at the family level, the seemingly obvious resolution becomes clouded by the suspicion of an illegitimate motive. Resolving ethical dilemmas is rarely simple or clearcut and very often involves revisiting similar dilemmas that recur within societies: According to some philosophers and sociologists, e.g. Karl Marx, it is the different life experience of people and the different exposure of them and their families in these roles (the rich constantly robbing the poor, the poor in a position of constant begging and subordination) that creates social class differences. In other words, ethical dilemmas can become political and economic factions that engage in long term recurring struggles. ‘See conflict theory and left-wing politics versus right-wing politics. Design of a voting system, other electoral reform, a criminal justice system, or other high-stakes adversarial process for dispute resolution will almost always reflect the deep persistent struggles involved. However, no amount of good intent and hard work can undo a bad role structure: Roles within structures Where a structural conflict is involved, dilemmas will very often recur. A trivial example is working with a bad operating system whose error messages do not match the problems the user perceives. Each such error presents the user with a dilemma: reboot the machine and continue working at one’s employment or spend time trying to reproduce the problem for the benefit of the developer of the operating system. So role structure sabotages feedback and results in sub-optimal results since provision has been made to actually reward people for reporting these errors and problems. See total quality management for more on addressing this kind of failure and governance on how many ethical and structural conflicts can be resolved with appropriate supervisory mechanisms.

How can Marketing mix model help Manchester United build its global brand? Essay

The main purpose of this report is to introduce the definition of franchise and to analysis the advantages of it. The report comprises several advantages of franchise in almost every aspect, which have been proved to be essential and reliable. By this mean, the conclusion could be drawn that it is the best way to run an international business by franchise. 2. 0Introduction Franchise, is an authorization granted by a government or company to an individual or group enabling them to carry out specified commercial activities. For example, McDonald’s is one of the most famous brand franchising. As the franchisor, McDonald’s gives the right to the franchisee, as well as sell McDonald’s related products to someone who is willing to set up his own business. The license agreement demands McDonald’s to persist in manufacturing or operating ways and the quality of the good. This is a settlement that can suit both parties pretty well. Under a McDonald’s franchise, McDonald’s owns or rents the position and the building of restaurant. The franchisee buys the parts, the equipment and the right to manage the franchise in next twenty years. To confirm coherence throughout the world, all franchisees must use standardized McDonald’s menus, branding, administration systems and design layouts. 3. 0Main Section 3. 1 Justify of the reference Bernd Helmig is Full Professor, Chair and Head of Department for Business Administration, Public & Nonprofit Management at the University of Mannheim (Germany). Besides he acts as Academic Director for Executive Education of Mannheim Business School. He was Visiting Faculty Guest at Harvard Business School (Boston, Cambridge/Mass. ), and Visiting Scholar at the University of Edinburgh (UK). His research interests cover fields such as Nonprofit Marketing, Fundraising, Social Marketing, Failure of NPOs, and Corporate Social Responsibility (including Corporate Giving and Corporate Volunteering). Tansev Geylani graduated from University of Pittsburgh. He has such degrees as PhD in Industrial Administration (Marketing), Carnegie Mellon University, 2004,MS in Industrial Administration (Marketing), Carnegie Mellon University, 2002 MBA, Koc University and 1999 BS in Mechanical Engineering, M. E. T. U. , 1997. Tansev Geylani joined the Katz faculty in 2004. His research interests include distribution channels, retailing, product line strategies, information sharing, marketing & antitrust, media competition, and user-generated content. He was named Marketing Science Institute Young Scholar in 2009. Other awards he received include Management Science’s Distinguished Service (2009 ; 2011) and Meritorious Service awards (2012), the Katz Excellence in Research Award (2009), and the Katz Excellence in Teaching Award (2008). Alanson Minkler work as an Associate Professor, Economics for University of Connecticut at Storrs Mansfield. His subject areas include: Economic Rights, Alternative Economic Decision-Making. He also has degree like Ph. D. University of California-Davis, 1988 and B. A. University of California-Berkeley, 1981. His initial interests centered on worker contributions and motivations in firms, with particular focus on labor-managed and franchised firms 3. 2 Advantages of Franchise Being your own boss The franchisor regularly checks the standards of service, quality, value and cleanliness of the franchisee (Minkler, A. , 1990). The franchisee who gets all the training and support from franchisor is operating his or her own business so has much to lose as well as gain, which motivates them a lot to determine to succeed. Lower failure rate Once you use a franchise, you are buying a developed concept that has been successful. Figures show that franchisees stand a much better opportunity of success than people who start independent businesses; independent businesses count a 70 to 80 percent chance of NOT surviving the first few critical years while franchisees have an 80 percent chance of surviving (Michael M. Coltman, Franchising in Canada: Pros and Cons, Self-Counsel Press). Intensive initial training The franchisor has the duty to offer full-time training program which includes three stages to franchisee (Tansev G, 2004). Firstly, it starts with working in a restaurant, wearing the staff uniform, preparing for food and cooking. Secondly, it focuses on areas such as team building, business management, handling customer enquiries and leadership skills. Lastly, the trainee learns about stock control and ordering, legal side of hiring and  employing staff and profit and loss accounts. These training methods are proved to be absolutely essential. Marketing help Franchisee could benefit from the parent company’s marketing programs, according to Entrepreneur. com. The marketing and advertising advertisements created by the franchisor leave franchisee with more time to focus on the daily operating of business. This is a win-win for both parties. It helps increase sales by means of franchise, which, on the other hand, allows the parent company to collect more fees. (Bernd H. 2008) Continuous support It recognizes that the success and profitability of many international chain brands are inextricably linked to the success of the franchises (Minkler, A. , 1990). A highly qualified group of professional advisers offer continuous support on everything from human resources to computers and accounting. The field adviser can become a valuable business partner and a sounding board for ideas. Guaranteed Territory In most cases, a franchise parent company would guarantee franchisee a predetermined territory and assist it in succeeding in that field (Tansev G, 2004). Territories vary depending on the company which is worked with, but not having to compete with another franchise location from the same company in territory can help to generate revenue. 3. 3 Shortages of Franchise One major problem for a new business is predicting how much business it might enjoy, running the risk of either cashflow problems or the difficulties associated with overtrading. The turnover and profit from any outlet will vary, depending on a wide range of internal and external variables. Each franchisee is expected to take a positive approach to building up sales, although an average rate of return of over 20 percent is generally expected over the lifetime of the franchise. When it comes to starting a business, many people think of buying a franchise as a shortcut to success (Bernd H. 2008). While there is some truth to this, not all franchises are created equal, and not everyone is cut out to be a franchisee. 4Conclusion By specific descriptions of many advantages of franchise and comparison them with its drawbacks, we can make the conclusion that franchise is the best way of international business.

Some People Think High School Students

Some people think high school students should take a year to work or travel before going at university. Some people believe that students should work or travel for a year before going at university,in my opinion I totally agree. Experiencing the world of work expands the mind. The experience will help us to see how the various aspects of college education relate to each other and to life outside of college. The richness of experience will powerfully inform your academic work.First I`ll talk about advantages and disadnvantages of one year working or travelling before going at university. There are a lot of advantages,but also there are some disadvantages. I think that we should work a certain period before going at university,because we`ll earn money to pay our education. Most of the student`s cant go at university because their parents are in bad financial situation. But If they work a certain period they`ll earn enough money for going at university also they`ll gain experience that will help them when they`ll decide to find a job.On the other hand they will learn how to live independently without assistance from parents, and how to face the challenges of life. Furthermore students could find out what they want in life, they could become single-minded, focused and motivated enough to achieve their aims. When they would start studying, they would be motivated to learn in order to attain the goals they have set, thus they will benefit from their travel experience.Another advantage of spending a year traveling between school and university is that students would be able to develop certain skills which will be very helpful for their further life. Students would learn to take responsibilities since they would be on their own in a foreign country where they would not be able to rely on others like they did at home. Whenever they would struggle with issues, they would have to solve the problems on their own; therefore the students would become more independent and awa re of the fact that dealing with issues and solving them is a process of becoming an adult.Thus, their traveling experience would have a positive impact on their personality since the teenagers would be able to develop further personal skills by experiencing a lot, dealing with problems that they would normally not have at home and becoming more aware of their own abilities. A year of traveling would not only benefit the students by helping them developing their personal skills but would also help them improving their language skills. Students that do not speak the anguage of the country they are traveling to so well, would practice it and expand their treasury of words since they would spend a lot of time there and they would have to communicate in order to handle the necessities of every day life like for example shopping. Therefore they would improve their language skills and this could be very expedient for their further studies. Spending a year abroad brings along a good opport unity to meet other people and make new friends.Students would get to know people from different cultures, hence they would learn many interesting things about the culture of the country they have traveled to. If students traveled to a less developed country, they could be more aware of the differences between the respective country and their home country and would therefore appreciate what they have at home. Even though there are many positive aspects concerning spending a year in a foreign country after finishing school, there also are some negative points that I want to clarify.Some students might decide for such an experience but they could soon find out that the decision they have taken was not an appropriate one. They could figure out that they have done the wrong choice since they would not be able to deal with all the issues they encounter there, so they would not only waste money in vain, but also precious time. Some teenagers would not be able to cope with such issues as r esponsibility and independence because they would need help and could not do it on their own, therefore they could not bear a whole year abroad if they traveled to a foreign country.Another disadvantage of spending a year abroad is the possibility of losing contact with friends at home. Since the teenagers who decide to take a break from school and do not continue their studies are spending a year away from home and from their friends, they could easily neglect their friends by not calling or writing them often enough. When the students would return home, their friends might have moved on with their lives and could have found other friends since they would have already started their university life.A year abroad could also be dangerous if students chose to travel to a less developed country where crime is the order of the day. The teenagers could betake themselves in dangerous situations and could, if the worst comes to the worst, get hurt. Another negative aspect concerning spendin g a year in a foreign country before going to university is the fact that the students could forget a lot of academic subjects such as mathematics and natural sciences.This could be a disadvantage for the students who want to continue their studies in this direction. Furthermore students could come out of their learning rhythm and this would probably cause difficulties when they would go to university since they would have to do their best from the start and would have to compete with other students who did not take a break from school but continued studying.All in all, one can draw the conclusion that spending a year traveling after finishing school, may have its positive sides, since students can develop their personal skills and experience a lot of helpful things that can shape up as very useful for their future. Nevertheless the decision to spend a year abroad should be elaborated since it may not fit to everybody and it may turn out to be a wrong idea. Therefore I hold the opin ion that everyone who contemplates to make such an experience should really try to find out if it is the right thing for her/him to do.

Bmw Films Case Essay

In 2001, BMW came out with its latest innovative marketing strategy titled BMW Films. In partnering with Fallon and Anonymous Productions, who connected with A-list directors, actors, and production value, created a series of five films collectively called â€Å"The Hire† that generated 2. 5 millions viewers with over 24,000 more unit sales than the 2000. And the question now rise to what should BMW’s next move be. ANALYSIS It took the firm about 50 years from its first automobile in 1929 to be firmly established in North America. But right when other Japanese cars entered the market in in the late 1980s, BMW went from one of the most brought luxury car to falling behind Lexus who became the number-one luxury import in the country. The brand had an outdated image and U. S sales went from 96. 8 (thousands) in 1986 to 53. 5 (thousands) in 1991 supported by Exhibit 1 and 4. But after taking drastic measure of reinvigorate itself in North American by introducing newer models and series that were more suitable for the North American market, a new brand image arose and BMW sales rebounded reach records level from 1996-2001. In 2001, BMW was definitely in its maturity phase where it has enough brand awareness amongst its target market that it didn’t’ need an extravagant marketing budget. In Exhibit 2, out of the luxury brands top 5 highest total sales, BMW was the second most selling brand while only spending half (62. 4 million) of its competitors (134-215 million). BMW attracted a different psychographic than its competitors. It looked for highly educated affluent person who wants to have a great driving experience. Exhibit 7 shows BMW’s Customer Base vs. the Competition where the highest percentage of its target age group is 30-44 compared to everyone else. Besides Volvo, BMW customer base is predominately married men. BMW has one of the highest numbers of customers under 45 with no children and the lowest number over 45 with no children. Compared to other luxury brands in Exhibit 3, BMW is right in the middle with pricing its Sedans. Its neither has the highest or the lowest price, which is right in line with its target market who’s income is also in the middle range from the other’s. (See Appendix 1 for SWOT analysis). ALTERNATIVES The different options for BMW is summarized by: 1. Make the films available to a wider audience by distributing in places like the theatres 2. Develop 3-5 more short films in relations to it’s current series 3. Develop a full length movie that would showcase in theatres 4. Do nothing and simply move on to the â€Å"next thing† RECOMMENDATION With all its success with the BMW Films, I would recommend BMW go with option 4 and do nothing and simply move on to the â€Å"next thing†. According to McDowell, 90% (2 million) of the series’ viewers wanted to see more films, but in Exhibit 11 when BMW came out with 3 additional films, only 13%, 18%, and 29% of the number views compared to first film in the series respectively. I think BMW was able to successfully reach its targeted market and with it’s position as being the leader in the market. Where not only if the other companies starts copying BMW, but BMW when â€Å"copies† itself, just like the Goldeneye taught the company, repeat performances are rarely as compelling as premiere performances.

Analysis of Tyrells Potatio Chips business

Analysis of Tyrells Potatio Chips business The team of the Tyrrell potato chips is very passionate about growing potatoes and turning them into delicious chips. Having travelled the world in the last nineties in search of the perfect potato chips production method and equipments. Therefore later on the equipment and methods were brought to Tyrrell’s court farm and launched a product that would be Britain’s best loved â€Å"premium† snack product. The main objective of the Tyrrell’s potato chips was to get closer to the customers. Therefore as a result Tyrrell potato chips developed a more sophisticated chip. He mainly cut the potatoes thicker so that it retained more potato flavor. Due to this the final product was very different from other products and therefore the customers were happy to pay a premium price for a superior quality and a better tasting product. Since the launch of Tyrrell potato chips in 2002, it has built over 4000 customers. They include independent retail customers and many pr estigious food retailers. Therefore Will Chase continues to evolve his dream and remain devoted to develop the Tyrrell’s brand using his Herefordshire farm. What advice would you offer Will Chase, the owner of â€Å"Tyrrell’s chips†, as to how to develop and grow its customer base amongst customers from higher social grades, without either changing or losing the perception of its product coming from a Herefordshire farmer. With reference to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_base 2010 11:30am customer base is defined as: The customer base is the group of customer and/or consumers that a business serves. In the most situations, a large part of this group is made up of repeat customers with a high ratio of purchase over time. These customers are the main source of consumer spending. In many cases, the customer base is considered the business’s target market, where customer behaviors are well understood through market research or past experience. All act ions the company takes would be through consideration of its customer base. Companies with a customer base consisting mainly of large companies may increase their customer base by pursuing small and mid-size companies Businesses in war zones may temporarily expand their customer base to include military personnel, but ongoing violence can drive away a local customer base. The advice offered by me to Will Chase will be based on three main points i.e.: Maintaining company’s image Customer relationship management (CRM) Emphasis on core benefits of unique selling proposition (USP) Maintaining company’s image means that whatever action is taken by the members of the company it should make sure it gives a rise to the company’s name and not a fall. The company’s image can be maintained by considering the 4p’s of marketing, the 4p’s of marketing are as follows: product, price, place and promotion. Customer relationship management (CRM) is the overal l process of building and maintaining profitable customer relationships by delivering superior customer value and satisfaction. Unique selling proposition (USP) is a marketing concept that was first proposed as a theory to explain a pattern among successful advertising campaigns of the early 1940s. It states that such campaigns made unique propositions to the customer and that this convinced them to switch brands. The term was invented by Rosser Reeves of Ted Bates & Company. Today the term is used in other fields or just casually to refer to any aspect of an. object that differentiates it from similar objects

Responsible Government In The Canadian Regime Essay

Responsible Government In The Canadian Regime - Essay Example Soon, people began to agitate and rebel seeking "reform" of the constitutional system. As a result, Lord Durham was sent to Canada to investigate the cause of the rebellions and to figure out a solution. Lord Durham stressed that "the complete assimilation of French Canadians" (Malcomson and Myers 2005) was necessary and proposed the Act of Union. Further, he stated that a responsible government was needed to handle the situation and the British Government eventually acknowledged the idea. Canada's constitution has therefore been under the principle of responsible government, based on the fusion of power, which is distinct from a separation of powers. This fusion of power is the most important and fundamental factor in the responsible government system that helps the Canadian government remarkably efficient. It also increase voters' accountability, and imposes strong influence over the confidence in the House of Commons. The responsible government which depends on the fusion of power, allows the cabinet not only to acts as an executive but also to take a role in legislative action. There are no "standstills of the sort[and] once the cabinet backed by a parliamentary majoritythere is nothing to stand in its way." (Malcomson and Myers 2005) Because the same group is responsible for legislating, practicing and enforcing the law, they can take decisions without transferring the proposal from one branch to another for permission. Moreover, in a responsible government, the "power is married to responsibility". (Kam, Sept 19, 2006) Under separation of powers, it is hard to blame a particular branch or a person for unsatisfactory political events. However, in a responsible government, the power is fused into one system, and therefore, the responsibility for positive or negative events lies on one entity alone. This also influences the voters' evaluation of their elected servants. The fusion of power increases the accountability to the voters much more than separation of powers. Under the principles of responsible government, the prime minister and the cabinet's legitimacy solely depend on the confidence of the House of Commons which generates unique characteristics for the government. The prime minister and the cabinet are not directly elected by the people. Because of this, their democratic legitimacy depends on the confidence of the House of Commons. Consequently, if the members of the party do no support each other and cooperate in order to endorse the ministry, they will soon lose the confidence of the House and their right to rule would be taken away. For this reason, the party discipline in Canada is pretty strong. Furthermore, it prompts MPs to vote in support of their party instead of their constituents' desires. The dependence on the confidence of the House of Commons also influences the date of the election in Canada. Under the principle of separation of powers, each branch and the president are elected separately. Once they are elected, they each have their own mandate. However, in Canada, "the timing of parliamentary elections is normally decided by the prime minister". They "canlose that confidence at anytime,[so] it is essential to be able to hold elections at any time." (Malcomson and Myers 2005) The responsible government system originated from the British, but soon percolated into the Canadian government, creating distinctive features in the

Poetry Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poetry Project - Essay Example Prince sun, as he is described calls her wife, who is always busy shining at night in full, quarter or half. As they sit together, the take stock of their children who include Jupiter, the beloved eldest son, their daughter Saturn, whom they realize that she has grown to become a woman now (Leonora, para 1-5). While they sit and discuss about their family, prince sun takes a roll call of everyone while her princess, the moon sits beside him with her luminous flame shining brightly. Finally, the family re-unites and engages in song and dance, singing merrily with joyful spirit and unity. Doomsday is a science fiction poem that talks about astronomy, it talks about an eclipse that is about to happen with devastating consequences on the human race. It explains a time when the planet earth is headed for a collision with the red dwarf. The South African astronomer makes dire calculations; he decides to make a space ark that would be helpful in saving a handful of the human beings that will survive the collision (Pettit, para 1-2). In the first poem, several characteristics make the poem fit perfectly in the science fiction genre, first, the entire poem describes the solar system as a family of the sun, the moon and their planets as children. According to the family’s description by the author, the reader is left to imagine the kind of picture, â€Å"The princess who’s always shining at night in full, quarter or half† (line 2, stanza one). In the second poem, the author also makes a description of events happening when the earth is headed for a collision with a red dwarf, with pending dire consequences on the human race. The author explains, â€Å"Our home earth was headed for total devastation, a renegade red dwarf star put us in an ominous situation† (line 2-3, stanza one). This poems are interesting with full of vivid imaginations about the picture presented from the given descriptions, the make one to travel into mental

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Research Paper - Essay Example As the world continue to apply information technology in various sectors such as banking, education, trade and entertainment, intellectual property issues have become even more complicated. This has led to the formulation of a new set of laws known as cyber laws. Consequently, cyber crimes are defined as any form of malpractice that involves tampering with computer based resources, cyber fraud, cyber based intimidation, and computer hackings are some of the major cyber crimes. These laws are incorporated in the information technology act, 2000. It is difficult to implement intellectual property rights without proper cyber laws and legislation. Intellectual property Patents A patent is a legal document that is issued by the federal government to an inventor. The document gives the owner exclusive rights of reproducing or participating in his innovation without threats from other developers. The right is meant to promote creativity and innovation in various industries2. Moreover, paten t rights allow members of the public to disclose innovations and other forms of technological advances in their respective industries3. Laws meant to protect intellectual property under patents have been criticized for certain ambiguities. This has necessitated constant reviews to make the required adjustments. Thus, suitable legislations should have clear definitions on patents and the extent to which patents can be applied. Furthermore, suitable legislation should set limits beyond which the legislations are considered to be violated. This is to safeguard innovators and other property developers from accusations of intellectual property theft. Trademarks Trademarks are quality assurance symbols and information used to identify the quality of a product. Ideally, trademarks are business items that are meant to protect manufacturers and traders. Tirade marks have often been accused of promoting monopoly trade, which may be harmful to the economy. This is because they promote the sale and continuity of popular products while they inconvenience inexperienced entrepreneurs. Trademarks are also used as sources of standards for a particular products and services. Copyrights Copyrights are constitutional property rights, which grant rightful owner, creators, or authors of certain material exclusive rights over their production and distribution. Copyrights provisions are meant to promote innovation and useful arts by offering incentives and protection to their owners. Ideally, copyrights protect intangible and original works including music, research, books, photographs, films, and computer software. Copyright is a collection of rights that include; the right to reproduce copyrighted material, rights to derive additional work, rights to distribution and public display. Each of these rights is protected under the information Technology Act of 2000. Cyber crime A cyber crime is regarded as any crime or offense that violates The Information Technology Act 2000. This rede finition leaves out major issues and provisions that threaten activities in the real world. Moreover, cyber laws conflicts with freedom of information and cyber space. Certainly, cyber laws cannot work in isolation and they require adequate collaboration with other supportive or related laws. For example, a person who is accused of sending intimidating massages over the internet will be charged with criminal intimidation provisions that are contained in the common laws4. Further, a person

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Research Paper - Essay Example consumed globally such as cocaine uses coca, which naturally occurs in a plant in the Latin American country, but contrary to popular beliefs, the plant that produces coca is not harmful to humans, unless mixed with other chemicals. The authorities in the United States and Mexico have for years collaborated to eliminate the menace, however, history of the trade have grave political implications on either side of the border. In Mexico, much similar to the other Hispanic nations, the money that is gotten from the trade finds itself lining the pockets of politicians. The illegal money that made in the drug business, is unquantifiable, but has been claimed to be create economic boom within the Hispanic countries. This paper is an exploration of the drug problem in Mexico through an in depth interview of a friend from the other side of the border so as to draw thorough information on the problem. The paper is narrative of the interaction and accompanying secondary information. The major component that is used to produce cocaine in the region is coca, and it has been a tremendous positive and lately negative influence on Latin American culture for over a century. Coca has been used to fight hunger, fatigue, sickness and also increase the flow of oxygen to the brain at high altitudes. Over the years, the positive use, away from the negative use, has been the main reason why banning coca has been extremely difficult over the years. The diverse and positive usage of coca has blocked the banning of its cultivation or place a penalty on growing coca. Due to the leniency in raising Coca, drug cartels believed that they could get away with cultivating the plant for drug use by turning it into cocaine through its mixing with various chemicals. Keep in mind that Latin America has never been a prosperous region of the world. It is an area populated some of the poorest communities, war-torn, and impoverished nations that often look to other countries for aid, both of the